Digital Versus Conventional Impressions in Crown Fabrication: Accuracy, Efficiency, and Clinical Outcomes

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19969472

Abstract

Accurate dental impressions are essential for the successful fabrication of crowns, as they directly influence marginal adaptation, internal fit, and long-term clinical outcomes. Traditionally, conventional impression techniques using materials such as polyvinyl siloxane and polyether have been widely employed; however, these methods are associated with limitations including material distortion, technique sensitivity, and patient discomfort. The introduction of digital impression systems, particularly intraoral scanners integrated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), has transformed modern prosthodontic workflows. This review aims to compare digital and conventional impression techniques in crown fabrication with respect to accuracy, efficiency, and clinical outcomes. Current evidence suggests that digital impressions provide comparable, and in some cases superior, marginal and internal fit for single-unit restorations, with improved consistency and reduced operator-dependent variability. Additionally, digital workflows enhance clinical efficiency by reducing chairside time, eliminating multiple procedural steps, and enabling rapid data transfer to dental laboratories. Patient preference is also higher for digital techniques due to increased comfort and reduced gag reflex. However, challenges such as high initial costs, limitations in capturing subgingival margins, and the need for operator training remain significant considerations. Conventional impressions continue to be reliable, particularly in complex clinical scenarios. Overall, digital impression systems represent a significant advancement in restorative dentistry, offering improved workflow efficiency and patient experience, while ongoing technological developments are expected to further enhance their clinical applicability.