Determination Of Prevalance, Risk Factors, And Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting Following Laparoscopic Surgeries

Abstract

A large number of patients who have a laparoscopic procedure still experience PONV, which can make recovery tougher and impact both patient well-being and how much care is needed. Although international guidelines for managing PONV risk exist, there is limited information available regarding this issue in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan. To establish the frequency of PONV, discover risk factors connected to the condition, and look at how both medicines and non-medical approaches are used and how well they work for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries in tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar. Researchers collected data on 195 adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries in three big hospitals in Peshawar. Researchers selected patients from a convenient group. Information was gathered with a specially designed questionnaire, using the Apfel risk model, body mass index, and postoperative clinical outcomes. For the educational research, data analysis was done with SPSS version 27. Chi-square tests were used to examine if anesthetic agents, opioids, and premedication were associated with PONV. About four in ten patients (46.7%) experienced nausea, and a quarter (26.2%) experienced vomiting within 24 hours. A large majority of patients were female (61.5%). A greater percentage of PONV was reported for isoflurane and midazolam or metoclopramide as premedication; these made PONV more likely (p = 0.005). Postoperative symptoms were more likely to occur if pain medication (p < 0.001) and muscle relaxants (p = 0.004) were included in the anesthesia. In fact, opioid use had no strong impact on the risk of PONV (p = 0.331). Sometimes, but not always, patients closely followed standard prophylactic treatments for nausea and vomiting. Anesthetic drugs and missing prophylactic therapies primarily cause PONV in laparoscopy patients in Peshawar. Following international guidelines to prevent PONV, such as using various ant nausea treatment plans based on risk, is needed now to improve patient outcomes and decrease medical costs.