The Sonographic Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) And Infertility: Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age and remains a leading cause of infertility. Ultrasonography plays a pivotal role in diagnosing PCOS by providing direct visualization of ovarian morphology. However, inconsistencies in the application and interpretation of Sonographic criteria have limited its clinical reliability.

Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic significance of Ultrasonographic parameters—specifically follicle count and ovarian volume—in relation to PCOS-associated infertility, and to assess their clinical relevance for healthcare practitioners.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2011 and 2022. Keywords included “PCOS,” “ultrasound,” “infertility,” and “AMH.” Eligible studies were required to be in English, human-based, and focused on Sonographic evaluation of PCOS. Data were extracted and quality assessed using a standardized STROBE checklist. A total of twelve studies met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS: Findings consistently showed that an ovarian volume exceeding 10 cm³ and a follicle count of 19 or more significantly improved diagnostic sensitivity for PCOS. Furthermore, the combination of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels with Sonographic features enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography demonstrated particular value in adolescent populations. All included studies scored moderately to highly on the STROBE quality scale.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ultrasonography remains a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of PCOS-related infertility. Standardizing Sonographic thresholds and integrating them with hormonal and genetic markers is recommended to improve diagnostic precision and clinical outcomes